What is rickets?
Rickets is a skeletal disorder that is caused by prolonged vitamin D deficiency that leads to the softening and weakening of bones as well as a deficiency of calcium and phosphate, which stimulates excess secretion of parathyroid hormones.
Causes:
- Rickets is caused by insufficient exposure to sunlight, and low intake of foods containing vitamin D;
- Problems with vitamin D absorption due to certain medical conditions (e.g. bowel resection, chronic pancreatitis , cystic fibrosis);
- Liver problems such as cirrhosis;
- Kidney diseases;
- Medications (e.g. phenytoin);
- Genetics.
Symptoms:
In children:
- Delayed fontanel closure and softening of the skull bones (fontanelles)
- Pain and swelling in the joints
- Rachitic rosary
- Skeletal deformities in the legs and knees
- Delayed or unsteady walking
- Impaired growth, short stature, and lack of weight gain
- Dental deformities
- Bone fractures in certain cases
Risk factors:
- Dark skin
- Children and older adults
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Exclusive breast-feeding after the age of 6 months
- Poverty
- Vegetarianism
- Alcohol
- Living at high altitudes
- Family history
Diagnosis:
- Medical advice given by the family doctor
- Medical history
- Clinical examination
- Vitamin D test
Complications:
- Chronic skeletal pain
- Skeletal deformities
- Skeletal fractures
Treatment:
Boosting vitamin D levels in the body.
Prevention:
- Proper nutrition and sufficient sun exposure.
- Early diagnosis and treatment.
FAQs:
Is rickets a common disease?
Yes, it is a common disease.
What is to be expected after starting the treatment?
A positive outcome is expected if the patient responds to the treatment.
Should the mother refrain from breastfeeding?
No, mothers should continue to breastfeed.
Health Promotion and Clinical Education General Department
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